The primary objective of Phase II was to develop the procedures for marketing the power of the Phase I aggregated DERs in the energy market, increase the number of DER units, and implement the marketing procedures (interface with ISOs) for the DER generated power. Standard Work Instructions were developed for DER notification, sale, and operation into the MISO market.
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The Detroit Edison (DECo, Utility)-led team includes: DTE Energy Technologies (Dtech, DER provider), Electrical Distribution Design (EDD, Virginia Tech company supporting EPRI’s Distribution Engineering Workstation, DEW), Systems Integration Specialists Company (SISCO, economic scheduling and real-time protocol integrator), and OSIsoft (PI software system for managing real-time information). 0000012789 00000 n
The benefit of demand response is that it reduces overall demand and shifts the entire market to a lower pricing level. 0000004964 00000 n
This additional energy typically is not considered in calculations of potential savings, leading to overestimation of savings.VFD- and VFD-bypass-mode design operational parameters are shown in Table 1B. Submit your e-mail address below. Some products claim they can help reduce peak power draw by 50%. 0000001047 00000 n
This article demonstrates how automatic switchover from VFD control mode to VFD-bypass control mode and back can help to mitigate, if not eliminate, these negative impacts.The control and monitoring system employed in our investigation is shown in Figure 1. The savings were found by subtracting the VFD-bypass-mode power-demand values above the operating point of equilibrium (shown in red in Figure 2A) from the respective VFD-mode values (shown in blue in Figure 2A—points 2, 3, and 4).The cumulative overall power-demand reduction in VFD-bypass mode was 22.0 kW ([99.2 − 88.7] + 0.8 + [89.9 − 84.5] + 0.7 + [83.3 − 79.4] + 0.65), leading to additional electrical-energy savings of 22 kWh over the 3-hr period), taking into account the additional power demand of 2.15 kW associated with the removal of heat dissipated into the VFD enclosure. New generation is being built in most areas of the country reversing the decades-long trend of declining reserve margins. Autonomous demand control and a demand control system are aspects of energy demand management or the modification of energy demand by consumers through financial incentives. 0000010830 00000 n
The selection of standards-based communication technologies offers the ability of the system to be deployed and integrated with other utilities’ resources.
Many residential loads have inherent flexibility that is related to the purpose of the load. 0000008939 00000 n
With the use of a data historian technology to facilitate the aggregation, the developed algorithms and procedures can be verified, audited, and modified. This section is followed by information concerning the Midwest ISO's classifications of demand response parties. Power-demand-loss factor varies from about 8.4 kW at 100-percent VFD relative load to 3.7 kW at 26-percent relative load.Figure 2D shows operational efficiency calculated based on metered and averaged system power demand and monitored VFD-enclosure cooling load and power-loss factor (Figure 1). In this chapter, topics include: the motivation for Alcoa to provide demand response; ancillary service definitions; the basics behind aluminum smelting; and a discussion of suggested ancillary services that would be particularly useful for Alcoa to supply. Switchover of the secondary-loop chilled-water pump from VFD mode to VFD-bypass mode required about 7 sec, while switchover from VFD-bypass mode back to VFD mode took nearly 20 sec. Competition among generators is typically robust, holding down wholesale energy prices. Design power-demand savings from the application of VFD-bypass control amounted to 11.3 percent (i.e., 11.3 kW, or 0.086 kW per horsepower related to motor design horsepower and nearly 0.17 kWh of additional energy per average motor-horsepower load). Automation will require robust and efficient data communications infrastructures across geographically dispersed markets. Changes in supply and demand for electricity can have a major effect on the frequency of the grid. Power-demand differentials above this line indicate power-demand savings (maximum of 10.5 kW) in VFD-bypass mode. The approach of developing two group models of DER energy participation in the market is unique. But a market that is responsive only on the supply side is only half a market.
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