To address the sea level rise threat in Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 has been launched.
Chen says people in Bangladesh are on a good path of economic growth at the moment, but the volatile climate makes it hard to predict whether this growth will continue.A villager stands in front of bamboo canes which will be used in construction (Credit: Ignacio Marin/ Institute)Some Bangladeshis have tried to adapt their crops to the new conditions, but with limited success. Bangladesh is exceptionally vulnerable to climate change. Crop varieties cannot cope with the saltwater, and career alternatives are limited.What, then, can be done for the most vulnerable people; the rural rice farmers of Bangladesh?A family navigate the heavily flooded land around their slum, Korail, in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh (Credit: Ignacio Marin/ Institute)Historically, people in Bangladesh had worked around seasonal flooding; farming for part of the year and retreating when water levels rose, or seeking work in the cities as land became unusable.As a result, rural Bangladeshis face a stark choice; change their way or life or seek employment and a home elsewhere.“The climate is becoming more volatile so we are seeing higher frequency of migration,” says Joyce Chen, an economist at The Ohio State University.
By the end of the century, however, sea levels are expected to rise along the Bangladesh coastline by up to 1.5m. However, tensions arise when some farmers want to protect their agricultural land, on which they are growing rice, from saltwater intrusion while neighbouring farmers might inundate their land with saltwater in order to start farming shrimp.“Anecdotes suggest that building sea walls and structures to keep the seawater out may be creating problems more than helping in that it creates conflict,” says Chen. Large quantities of plastic waste, for example, wash into cities in flood water. “Where in the past we see migration due to annual flooding, or river bank erosion, now we see saltwater intrusion more commonly which affects the environment long term. But, the ways they are being resilient now need to be sustainable into the future. Its Because of the countryâs natural susceptibility to extreme weather, the people of Bangladesh have always used migration as a coping strategy. It has been estimated that by 2050, one in every seven people in Bangladesh will be displaced by climate change. The study revealed that a one meter sea level rise will affect the vast coastal area and flood plain zone of Bangladesh.
The seawater and levees allow more control which in some cases worsens the salinity problem.”The pressure to switch to aquaculture is leading to conflict between farmers and fishermen (Credit: Ignacio Marin/ Institute)Chen says there may now be 100,000 people migrating each year due to saltwater flooding, but it is hard to estimate accurately because the changing wider economy is also affecting migration. However, as conditions intensify under climate change, more people are being driven from their homes and land by EJF defines climate refugees as: âpersons or groups of persons who, for reasons of sudden or progressive climate-related change in the environment that adversely affects their lives or living conditions, are obliged to leave their habitual homes either temporarily or permanently, and who move either within their country or abroad.âRenu Bibi, now living in a slum in the Mirpur district of Dhaka28% of the population of Bangladesh lives on the coast, where the primary driver of displacement is tidal flooding caused by sea level rise.By 2050, with a projected 50 cm rise in sea level, In addition to these impacts, coastal regions are suffering The vast mangrove forest that protects southern Bangladesh from the worst of the regionâs cyclones is at risk of inundation from sea level riseRuma Begum, from Mehendiganj who was forced to move to DhakaAs rainfall patterns change, the drier north-western regions of Bangladesh are "In the case of Bangladesh and elsewhere, we are seeing disasters [...] in greater frequency and in greater ferocity, and causing more damage to both lives and property.
By 2050, sea-level rise will push average annual coastal floods higher than land now home to 300 million people, according to a study published in Nature Communications. People will go where the water tastes sweetest. Bangladesh’s exposure to the growing hazard of sea-level rise in the 21st century needs to be seen in the perspective of its exposure to current environmental hazards and its growing development needs. There are around Bangladeshis are facing a choice; whether to migrate to find work in cities or change their way of life (Credit: Ignacio Marin/ Institute)“We see both types of migration going on in Bangladesh – better opportunities in cities attracting workers or, in the case of climate change, they are moving because changes in the environment are making it hard to make ends meet,” says Chen.As a low-lying country, Bangladesh has always been a vulnerable area to changing sea levels, so adapting and migrating are not unusual demands. And that will come with more extreme seasonal fluctuations in sea levels. Both livelihood options of coastal communities and the natural environment of the coastal zone will be affected by the anticipated sea level rise. 1088128). Where previously people might have been able to move away for the worst of seasonal flooding, the regularity of waterlogging is making it impossible to farm. Now that is no longer possible.
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